P-40 Warhawk
Colonel (later General Claire Lee Chennault) had been in China since
the mid-Thirties. An outspoken
advocate of "pursuit" (as fighter planes were called then),
in an Army Air Force dominated by strategic bomber theorists, he alienated
many of his superiors. But in China, equipped with P-40's, he developed
the basic fighter tactics that American pilots would use throughout
the war.
The Japanese planes used over China were much more maneuverable than
his Warhawks, whose advantages were speed in a dive, superior firepower,
and better ability to absorb battle damage. Chennault worked out and
documented the appropriate tactics that capitalized on the relative
strengths of the American fighters: intercept, make a diving pass,
avoid dogfighting, and dive away when in trouble. This remained the
fundamental U.S. fighter doctrine throughout the Pacific War.
Chennault's American Volunteer Group, popularly known as "The
Flying Tigers" flew their P-40B's and P-40C's with great success
against the Japanese aircraft.
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Joel Paris was a P-40 ace with the 49th Fighter Group in the Southwest
Pacific. He relates his opinion of the P-40: I never felt that I was
a second-class citizen in a P-40. In many ways I thought the P-40
was better than the more modern fighters. I had a hell of a lot of
time in a P-40, probably close to a thousand hours. I could make it
sit up and talk. It was an unforgiving airplane. It had vicious stall
characteristics. ...
If you knew what you were doing, you could fight a Jap on even terms,
but you had to make him fight your way. He could outturn you at slow
speed. You could outturn him at high speed. When you got into a turning
fight with him, you dropped your nose down so you kept your airspeed
up, you could outturn him. At low speed he could outroll you because
of those big ailerons. They looked like barn doors on the Zero. If
your speed was up over 275, you could outroll it. His big ailerons
didn't have the strength to make high speed rolls ...
You could push things, too. Because you knew one thing: If you decided
to go home, you could go home. He couldn't because you could outrun
him. He couldn't leave the fight because you were faster. That left
you in control of the fight. Mind you: The P-40 was a fine combat
airplane |